The warranty is void if the system was mishandled, abused, or not operated / maintained as directed by the. He got fitted up with a Rainman Naked watermaker and the optional. 638 likes. Watermakers also can be retrofitted, and units are available in compact or modular configurations for confined areas. Rainman offers two types of watermakers – electric and fuel-powered. After many months of research & discussions with other watermaker owners who have fitted one into a small yacht, I decided on the Rainman petrol with the compact membrane. Adam Hayter from Adam Hayter Shipwrights executed a beautiful installation on a nearly new Lagoon 42″ sailing catamaran. However, a watermaker was a firm requirement. Solo sailor from Slovenia on a Bavaria 33 uses Rainman petrol (gasoline) watermaker in his Round-The-World trip (Adriatic Region)Australia. The Rainman control panel provides a remote control capability for any installed AC or 12VDC electric Rainman watermaker. Carefully pickled and stored while not in use. It’s not as easy as the standard watermakers, but it is less expensive: about $3,995 for the gasoline motor driven unit, and about $3,500 for the electric version. Create a desalination system that works best for you in two easy steps. AU $150 Ono. The 12V DC model requires 30 amps around 410 watts. Warranty Information Rainman is committed to the quality of our watermakers. Australia support@rainmandesal. com. Hold function. Our systems are made in, and shipped from, Sydney. At A Glance – AC (Electric) v 12 VDC. HOME; SHOP; SHOP NOW; WATERMAKERS. The Rainman Desalinator is a stand alone, portable, petrol driven pressure supply unit that drives or feeds conventional standard and off the shelf Dow Filmtec reverse osmosis membranes. setup for business’ using less than 800 gallons of spot-free water per day. ] The post Solo sailor from Slovenia on a Bavaria 33 uses Rainman petrol (gasoline) watermaker in his Round-The-World trip (Adriatic Region) appeared first on Rainman Desalination. Specifically, look at what's included vs. Installed and portable water makers. It is very compact, and like all PUR watermakers, easy to service and operate. We Can Provide You with the Fresh Water Maker for Boats You Need. Fitting: 15mm to 1/2 Inch OD Fitting (1) $25. The 12V DC model requires 30 amps around 410. The system comes in two separate modules—a pressure-supply unit and a reverse-osmosis, or RO, unit—that are easy to. The Rainman Naked watermakers include this plumbing install kit as part of the purchase. Designed to run with minimum of a Honda 2kW generator or a quality 2kVA inverter. If you would like assistance with this procedure, please contact Rainman or one of our many dealers around the world. The advantages of this system are: o makes up to 140 LPH. He bought his Aquila from Multihull Central and spoke with Brett Swann, The Watermaker Man. The estimated total landed cost to the United States includes the recommended retail pricing, our air shipping rates, plus a US$30 customs fee. Rainman watermakers give you an endless supply of freshwater on your boat or yacht . We’ll be in touch shortly. . It can be used for either brand new Rainman watermaker installations, or for retrofitting. Rainman Watermakers are global manufacturers of integrated & portable saltwater desalinators. The production-ready prototype was launched at the 2014 Sanctuary Cove Boat Show on the Gold Coast, Australia. Multiple options are available for the. The unit is a year old and these are the original membranes. Our main phone line to Halden Marine Service (954) 514-7441 is monitored 24 hours a day seven days a week all year long. Table of Contents Introduction 1 About this manual 1. 6 x 14. com +61 433 826 626 Version 3. Prices shown includes Air Freight shipping from Australia to the UK which normally takes 3-5 days. The systems in the traditional blue case can be either installed or run as portable. The lift pump in any of the Rainman pressure supply units contains a small rubber impeller and is considered a consumable item. Tighten them careful using pliers to achieve full tension. The Rainman control display provides a remote control capabilities for some installed AC or 12VDC electric Rainman watermaker. My plan is to eventually convert the 53g to a fuel tank and connect the watermaker to the 87g tank. I am circumnavigating and I have a Spectra Newport 400 watermaker with 100+ hours. Rainman Watermaker Autoflush: The Rainman watermaker is a very robust piece of equipment, but caring for certain aspects will prolong the useable life. Whether it is a store, restaurant, mu. 437 likes · 2 were here. 8 sailing cat (South Pacific) SV Songlines – Ocean 48. Our simple and robust design utilises only top quality components to minimise long-term operating costs. Rainman Technology Pty Ltd #17 / 10-18 Orchard Road Brookvale, NSW 2100 Australia support@rainmandesal. Petrol (Gasoline) 12VDC Electric. As convenient to use as a portable generator, Rainman provides the first watermaker that can be sold as an off-the-shelf product. Your Rainman dealer should have supplied. This article was published on page 161 of Cruising Outpost – Winter 2015. Call now or e-mail for further information. Make the cut precise and. 6″), Height 375mm (14. Australia support@rainmandesal. Converting seawater to drinking water, providing. Royal Prince Alfred Yacht Club 2 /16 Mitala Street, NEW PORT BEACH, NSW 2106, Australia. Potabilizadoras que permiten generar agua potable a bordo de la embarcacion, agua 100% potable apta para su uso diario, desde 35 litros hasta 140 litros e incluso totalmente autonomas y portatiles. This assists in prevention of fouling the reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. The high pressure pump is the heart of your Rainman watermaker. We just got back to Florida and would like to pass this along to another boater. PORTABLE AND INSTALLED WATERMAKERS Rainman Desal Units are simple and robust system is designed for DC WATERMAKER. At the time, entrepreneur Ron Schroeder happened to be looking for an early-stage opportunity to invest in and take an active role. Rainman Watermakers - Produce Freshwater Anywhere, Anytime - Sailing adventures are a great experience because you can travel to beautiful and remote locations by sea. 81. Installed Benefits • Allows use of optional control The Rainman Advantage. While you can partially or fully install the traditional blue cased systems, our Rainman Naked systems are specifically designed for a minimum footprint installation. The standard hose lengths are 5 metres (16 ft), but a 10 metre (32 ft) can be special ordered if required. Welcome to SeaWater Pro, the premier provider of high-quality watermakers for boats and portable watermakers for all your marine adventures. He was living on his Beneteau yacht in Sydney Harbour. - Great Price = $ 259. Watermakers also come in all shapes and sizes, with modular options best suited for smaller boats, as the parts can be “stashed” in whatever precious extra cargo space is available. One thing to keep in mind when comparing prices is that there is no install cost on a portable. com +61 433 826 626 Version 1. Table of Contents. com +61 433 826 626 Version 2. All 316SS High-Pressure fittings and connectors. Proudly manufactured in Sydney, Australia. Reasonable technical skill is required to perform this procedure. The Rainman Watermaker. My main complaint with Spectra and others is that some. Rainman Water Maker from The Wetworks in the UK. Please contact us if you are unsure which power configuration to order. We avoid unnecessary componentry such as electronics and backwash valves. Rainman seawater intake, follow these steps to complete the intake install. We are a family of three, Alex, Keith and Dannii; accompanied by our German Shepherd Rex. As convenient to use as a portable generator, Rainman provides the first watermaker that can be sold as an off-the-shelf product. Product Water Output Expectations. Rainman water maker shows versatility when moved from Riviera 445 SUV to a Riviera 4800SY in Melbourne (Australia) We often talk about the versatility of Rainman desalination systems. The Naked system excludes the blue shells. The Rainman Naked watermakers include this plumbing install kit as part of the purchase. They can be installed in a minimum footprint configuration or ke. More details can be found in the installation guide, but watermaker installers tell us they can save hours off of each installation. Rainman Desal Units are simple and robust system is. The ubiquity of this generator. . OVERVIEW 1 INSTALLATION 2 INCLUDED PARTS 2 ELECTRICAL WIRING 2. The systems consisted of two cased 230VAC Rainmans, two DIY systems and the boat’s house Rainman watermaker. In particular, the Rainman High Output watermaker and the legacy Little Wonder 200gpd unit. Rainman Watermakers HQ is based in Sydney Australia. 8 sailing cat after being fitted with Rainman 12VDC watermaker. This video. We offer Jabsco Profile D 22405-001-P as replacement, but there are equivalent spec impellers from other brands (Johnson, Volvo,. This table compares the specifications between the AC Electric and 12VDC Rainman systems. As convenient to use as a portable generator, Rainman provides the first watermaker that can be sold as an off-the-shelf product. I was able to leave the pump portion in an aft locker and I just pull out the hoses when needed. Service Manager Rafael Escobar shares excitement about the new partnership: “Rainman water makers and Just Catamarans Service has partnered up to bring cruisers a quality water maker. Depending on which Rainman watermaker model you own, there will be one of two different high pressureAustralia support@rainmandesal. Facebook Email. R Marine South Australia. We’re very happy to receive these photos from a customer of a couple years ago. Yes, we have a Rainman watermaker since Feb 2017, and it has worked well on our Jeanneau Sun Odyssey 469. Leanne and Sergio Cinerari’s Riviera. The Rainman autoflush kit is an optional accessory for customers that have installed their Rainman watermaker. Rain Man (2-Disc Anniversary Edition) [4K Ultra HD + Blu-ray] 4. So we purchased a Rainman water maker. OVERVIEW 1 INSTALLATION 2 INCLUDED PARTS 2 ELECTRICAL WIRING 2. The high pressure pump is the heart of your Rainman watermaker. 316SS Hose Clamps. We’ll be in touch shortly. Rainman Watermaker Systems offer three main power sources for our watermakers. Marine and land-based use. oilfilterservice (169) 100%. Life of the impeller will vary with use, but in general it might require changing every year or two. Up to 230 lph (60 gph) instead of 140 lph (37 gph) Higher power consumption. TWO COMPONENTS – ONE WATERMAKER. Due to the nature of reverse osmosis, the membranes self-clean while the system is in use. If looking to purchase watermaker parts, we have a complete selection here: Marine Watermaker Parts. AC, DC & petrol models. Keep in mind there are different options for reverse osmosis (RO) units, so the fresh product water output depends on which one you choose. Skip to content. Just choose one of four Pressure Supply Unit options, then select one of several Reverse Osmosis units and you are ready to enjoy unlimited fresh water. R Marine South Australia. There are different options for power source (12 volt vs 120/220 bs gasoline power) and different membrane units of. Here is his photo demonstrating that DHL can get to some pretty remote places in little vans. Rainman Watermakers. 5 metre (16 ft) intake hose fitted with one way valve to remain primed, with detachable strainer. 2 prefilters instead of 1. o can act as a backup to larger systems. I get close to 35 gph out of it, which seems like pretty high output for a $5K watermaker. They are non-proprietary and readily available around the world. This prevents fouling of the reverse osmosis membranes. As I said identical watermaker, last years TDS was always below 200, this year new membranes, always well above 200 with mid 250’s being average. support@rainmandesal. Rainman Pressure Supply Petrol with High Output Reverse Osmosis Unit 100 - 140 litres per hour £5999. In its most simple terms, the system draws seawater up, filters out sediment and particulates, then puts the clean seawater under high pressure to pass through an RO membrane. +1 (954) 589-2343 | Contact us CartReplacement High Pressure Hose For Rainman Water Makers. Rainman Desalination will be exhibiting in the Australian Pavilion at METS 2014 stand 11-825. AC Electric; Petrol (Gasoline) 12VDC ElectricRAINMAN international Archive Feed. Rainman Watermakers. 00. Marca Rainman, somsos distribuidores oficiales Rainman. Posts: 98. Not only will the initial cost of a Rainman watermaker be lower than other systems, but the simple design and high build quality reduces ongoing maintenance. . Location: Sydney, Australia. . The most suitable units for cruising yachts are its DC/AC-powered Ventura, Catalina and Newport models, offering production rates of between 6. At 72 dB, its noise level was the equivalent of the quieter large 12-volt machines. Ensuring the pressure control valve remains open, start the unit and run the entire contents through the system. Remove the two retaining plates. Rainman Watermaker Systems. Australia support@rainmandesal. It creates the high pressure required forThe issue I am having with a rainman desal is the price. It’s a very simple and highly reliable system that can make up to 140 litres (37 gallons) of fresh potable water per hour. Global distribution. Optional step: To reinstall the assembly into the blue case, use the cable tie straps provided. au. RAINMAN WATERMAKER. [email protected] +61 433 826 626 Version 1. RAINMAN WATER MAKER INSTALLATIONS. We see 170-180 ppm on our Rainman MK II with a COM 80 TDS meter. Instructions on how to convert your reserve osmosis. Various systems are available. Rainman Watermaker System 230V - Naked - Compact or High Output - 2023 Model - With Water Gauge Fitted. 2MB) Need help setting up, installing or using your Rainman water maker? Visit our website for extensive installation and instruction manuals, FAQs and support. Find a Rainman OEM partner and authorised installer for your Rainman watermaker and desalination system. £4,890. The Rainman Watermaker AC model, it uses an onboard power source like a generator or inverter to power the unit. It is designed so that owners do not need to pickle their system, but instead pumps fresh water through the watermaker every seven days. A fresh approach to saltwater desalination. We use only top quality components in the build process from the best manufacturers: Honda, General Pump, Filmtec, and Noshok. Cut your high pressure hose leaving it 100mm longer than required length (this is your space for fitting error). A small kiteboarding resort (can host about fifteen guests and has no fresh water access, other than making their own. Naked watermaker is a great option. By avoiding the cost and complexity of permanent installation, Rainman is an extremely economical marine watermaker solution. It is designed so that owners do not need to pickle their system, but instead pumps fresh water through the watermaker every seven days. The fresh water is pumped into your water tanks while the remaining brine bi-product is discharged over the side of the boat, back into the ocean. TEL: +1 (954)589-2343. General Pump WMR series 316 stainless steel high pressure pump. 00 £5,299. We specialize in all types of yacht rigging, whether your boat is for cruising or racing, our team provides a comprehensive. Both are required to make a complete Rainman Watermaker desalination system. Rainman Watermakers in a case (referred to as cased from now on) can be run either portable or installed, while our naked systems are designed for installedThe Rainman installation system consists of parts that will allow you to install your AC electric or 12VDC watermaker. USA & Americas, Europe, Oceania, Asia & Africa. Its not the electric version by the motor model. All shipping charges are the responsibility of the purchaser to and from our office in Sydney, Australia. Click on the symptoms below to identify the most likely resolution. Table of Contents Introduction 1 About this manual 1. Valve / gauge control as per current Naked Rainman system. Our boats have always had a watermaker — our Tayana 37 had an older HRO system, running on DC, that made about 5 GPH. Rainman Watermakers are also available in a 12V DC configuration – DC installed watermaker systems are ideal for vessels looking for low output, and a very low power consumption. Over the next few minutes, we will walk you through selecting your system with the opportunity to review options. Rainman proves to be a simple and reliable 12VDC water maker aboard an Ocean 48. Rainman Watermakers are a compact system designed to generate a fresh potable water supply from seawater. With the first time set up of your portable desalination in as little as 10 minutes, you can benefit from a fully functional, and extremely robust portable desalination system right away – without the cost, downtime or complexity of installation. View warranty information here. 1 Wyvernleigh Close. Rainman Naked AC water maker installed in a Lagoon 42 (Australia) Customer handover of Rainman watermaker on Lagoon 42. If your enquiry is urgent, please don’t hesitate to contact Rainman HQ directly. Rainman watermaker or USD4,000 worth of spares for my current Spectra Newport 400. In its most simple terms, the system draws seawater up, filters out sediment and particulates, then puts the clean. Not only will the. Rocna Anchors Australia. 00. This fresh approach to desalination eliminates unnecessary componentry and electronics. Sailfish Marine. TMM Yacht Charters standardises on Rainman watermakers for its charter fleet (British Virgin Islands, BVI) Watermaker installation. AC Electric, petrol (gasoline), and 12VDC electric. Good news, however, come from the Australian manufacturer Rainman. Helpful Links. Adam Hayter from Adam Hayter Shipwrights executed a beautiful installation on a nearly new Lagoon 42″ sailing catamaran. SeaWater Pro, expertise lies in designing, manufacturing, and selling portable water desalinators, also known as water makers, in various sizes ranging from 17 gallons per hour to 40 gallons per hour. The Pressure Supply Unit is easily selected based upon your power supply onboard – so in this case – AC or 12V. All low-Pressure Poly fittings and connectors as required. Electric (AC), petrol (gas) and 12-volt battery models. If your boat loses power for some period of time, our timer has protection built in. We have the electric powered 110V with the power unit stored in the starboard lazorette (sp) and the filtering unit in the sail locker. AC Systems are capable of up to 37 GPH. We have a great online selection at the lowest prices with Fast & Free shipping on many items! Skip to main content. 8 out of 5 stars 5,100. A good alternative, on the other hand, is the portable Rainman Watermaker (distributed by vesselspa. I bought this water maker in October for our amazing trip to the Bahamas. Rainman. Rainman Watermakers in a case (referred to as cased from now on) can be run either portable or installed, while our naked systems are designed for installed application only. I am debating if I should buy a second watermaker as the AC Electric Rainman for USD4,200 as a backup, or if for the same money I'd better buy a spare pump, cylinder, piston, j-fittings etc. Rainman Pressure Supply Petrol with High Output Reverse Osmosis Unit 100 - 140 litres per hour £5999. 00. 0″), Width 32mm (1. Appendix 3 – Autoflush Module – Page 1 Introduction. Barefoot Gal, our current boat, came with a Katadyn 80E that makes 31⁄2 GPH. The advantages of this system are: o makes up to 140 LPH o cost effective o can be set up anywhere on your boat or installed. Join us as we discover new and amazing places! Although the Torrent incorporates the single motor, two pump design that Rainman is known for, there are a number of points of difference from the more common Rainman AC High Output watermaker. Consumable items, such as the pre-filter cartridges, lift pump impeller, high-pressure pump oil, high-pressure pump packings, high pressure hose, engine. 2 lb) tub of food grade sodium metabisulfate. Phone: +61 433 826 626 Email (Sales) – info@rainmandesal. Rainman Desalination, located and manufactured in Sydney, Australia, is actively looking to set up an international dealer network. This fresh approach to desalination. We are a family of three, Alex, Keith and Dannii; accompanied by our German Shepherd Rex. com +61 433 826 626 Version 2. Although many customers will. Dealer Listings : Find a Rainman watermaker Australia. 39 I would expect the rainman to sell in the US for closer to $3800. *Prices do not include $300 USD shipping from Sydney, Australia to customer specified destination. With the exchange rate between the USA and Australia currently being a very favorable 1. I am debating if I should buy a second watermaker as the AC Electric Rainman for USD4,200 as a backup, or if for the same money I'd better buy a spare pump, cylinder, piston, j-fittings etc. Thus it. Electric (AC), petrol (gas) and 12-volt. Rainman Portable Water Makers, O'Connor, Western Australia, Australia. Different power options. 3 The Rainman Watermaker portable configuration comes ready to go right out of the box. The charge of membrane helps to repel sodium, (part of salt), ions. Panel dimensions: 280 x 280mm (11 x 11″), cutout size 250 x 250mm (9. By answering a number of questions about your current Rainman, we can determine the exact components required. 3 RO membranes instead of 2. Rainman Autoflush Instructions. We go into detail about the problem we had, how it got fixed, and what. Proizvedeni su koristeći najnovije i najbolje komponente, kao. The 2022 unit is powered by a 2. Posts: 695. The new simple 12V watermaker complements its existing 230V and 115V AC systems and petrol. We are on the adventure of a lifetime, sailing up the East Coast of Australia on our Leopard 38 catamaran. Skip to table Portability and Installed WatermakersPost by chateau469 onAug 25, 2018 at 3:36pm. Add to wishlist. Various systems are available. Rainman Naked AC water maker installed in a Lagoon 42 (Australia) Customer handover of Rainman watermaker on Lagoon 42. Email: banddswann@thewatermakerman. 00. 95 $49. A customer with an Aquila 36 power cat had a need for water desalination on longer trips in Queensland, Australia. Enjoy fresh water anywhere with a Rainman water maker & saltwater desalination system. Rainman was originator in 2014 of the first commercially successful gasoline-powered portable water-maker. Pickle Solution Mix. Various systems are available. Electric (AC), petrol (gas) and 12VDC models. Rainman watermakers utilise an impeller based lift pump. This dual-membrane watermaker is rated to produce 100-140 lph (23-32 gph). Australia [email protected] Rainman Advantage Our simple and robust system is designed for ease of use and low maintenance. Our services ensure you have the clean, drinkable water you need whenever you are out sailing the ocean. Details can be found in our installation instructions. Excellent condition, portable electric desalinator. I have retained the "modular" concept of the design by installing the pump/motor module in one space and the membrane assembly in another. Rainman in operation – here the unit is running with the white hose supplying fresh water into the bucket. Rainman Watermakers are a compact system designed to generate a fresh potable water supply from seawater. Our desalinators can be delivered anywhere – Rainman watermaker arrives in Turks and Caicos (Caribbean) Byron Selman lives in Turks and Caicos in the British West Indies. Rainman Watermaker Customer Insight from Queensland, Australia. Product - Rainman Desalinators, Installing, repairing and selling watermakers - the watermaker man. Just Catamarans is now an official dealer for Rainman Portable and Installed Watermakers. As a compact and energy-efficient watermaker, the Spectra Katadyn PowerSurvivor is arguably the most affordable watermaker currently available on the market. 5GPM/17LPM 70PSI 4. We avoid unnecessary componentry such as electronics and backwash valves. Rainman Desal (manufacturer, in Australia). Rainman Pressure Supply Electric 12V with Economy Reverse Osmosis Unit 26 - 34 litres per hour £4890. Sydney NSW, New South Wales. Sodium Metabisulphite (SMBS) Pickling Solution Mix. The SeaWater Pro 12 Volt DC fresh watermaker system produces 17 GPH of freshwater with manual controls. Rainman watermakers are a compact and portable solution designed to generate a fresh water supply from seawater. Location: Australia. rainman watermaker raiders of the lost ark rain man rainmaker rainman watermaker for boats. Once y. The care and maintenance of your rainman Reverse Osmosis membranes is certainly important for the health of your system - but is also very easy to do. As convenient to use as a portable generator, Rainman provides the first watermaker that can be sold as an off-the-shelf product. Model #PSU-115-1300. 49 Orchard Road, Brookvale NSW 2100 Australia Global Watermaker Distributors. Rainman is simple, robust and designed for ease of use and low maintenance which eliminates unnecessary components, such as electronics, flow gauges and back wash valves. Life of the impeller will vary with use, but in general it might require changing every year or two. Just add fuel and salt water. 316SS Mounting brackets for filters and High-Pressure Tubes. Installed and portable water makers. It can be used for either brand new Rainman watermaker installations, or for retrofitting. The 12V DC model requires 30 amps around 410. It features 1 switch operation, a 12V DC motor, and automatic. It's convenient frame design allows the system to be moSailing Nandji gains sailing self-sufficiency in Malaysia by installing a Rainman Naked watermaker in their sailboat (Southeast Asia) Yoshi, Bonita, and Marley from Sailing Nandji have been living on their Bruce Roberts Sloop Cutter rigged 40ft vessel for years without a watermaker. A Rainman watermaker turns salt water to fresh, drinking water! The watermaker needs two things to work: a raw water source, like the sea, and a power source, which on a sailboat is typically your batteries and solar panels. 8 x 10. The 12VDC system is the Rainman watermaker that consumes the least power. Rainman Watermakers are a compact system designed to generate a fresh potable water supply from seawater. Carefully pickled and stored while not in use. Although Rainman water makers are highly reliable, there are some issues that can periodically arise. Rainman proves to be a simple and reliable 12VDC water maker aboard an Ocean 48. Introduction. Draws 1300 watts in steady state operation. 5GPM/17LPM. Our 12 Volt DC watermaker system produces 17 gallons per hour of freshwater. A small sharp hook is required, which. Ideal for running on wind/solar supplemented battery bank. Osmosea N12S 60l/hour 12V DC 14a - excellent quality with class leading power consumption SOLD. This. Not only will the initial cost of a Rainman watermaker be lower than other systems, but the simple design and high build quality reduces ongoing maintenance. I own a 400 GPD Spectra unit (also a Katadyn 40) and have been in charge of an industrial 45,000 GPD unit. Hi Dan, call us at 727-310-6557 if you can sell your Rainman water maker for $3000. Screw the blue spine back together and replace into the centre between the two pressure vessels. Rainman Water Makers Fresh Water Anywhere. Our Autoflush System is designed to ease the burden of remembering to perform this flush. The PSU lifts the seawater, filters out the sediment and puts the water under high pressure, while the RO unit extracts fresh water from theThe cruisers with Rainman units all seemed happy with their choices. We can now make 50 – 70 litres of fresh water per hour with little fuss. Go to base of page to select required model/s, if unsure or further advice required please contact us. Our cutting-edge technology and reliable products will ensure that you have access to clean, purified seawater wherever you go. 1 x 3/4” BSP 3 way valve 316 S/S. . What a lovely spot and great short clip. This water maker was simple, eliminating electronics and control systems that cause many maintenance problems. 4.